General

HIV VACCINE: The new molecule that targets the virus’ sugar shield

This promising new molecule developed by a team from the University of Maryland and Duke University opens a complementary path in the development of an HIV vaccine: its principle, stimulating an immune response against sugars which form a protective shield around the virus. Tested in animals, this candidate documented in the journal Cell Chemical Biology induces antibodies against the protective sugars of multiple strains of HIV.

Scientists have “gone” from “gp120”, a protein that coats HIV as a protective covering. A sugar shield covers the envelope of gp120 (in purple on visual), strengthening the defenses of HIV (in pink). The few people with HIV who can keep the virus at bay without medication usually have antibodies that attack gp120. But here they circumvent the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine targeting gp120 directly, which comes up against 2 difficulties: the resemblance of the sugar shield around the virus with the sugars present in the human body and the fact that antibodies against gp120 from a specific strain of HIV does not necessarily protect against other strains.

Researchers use a specific fragment of gp120, common to several strains of HIV
 

The researchers therefore used a specific fragment of gp120, common to several strains of HIV. They then combined this gp120 fragment with a sugar molecule, also common to several strains of HIV, to mimic the sugar shield present on the envelope of HIV. They show that this combined fragment, injected into rabbits, stimulates antibody responses against this shield of sugars and this for 4 different strains of HIV.

A promising result because the production of antibodies that directly target the defensive shield of the virus is an essential step in the development of a truly effective vaccine. The researchers said, however, that while the rabbits’ antibodies linked to the gp120 protein, they did not stop living HIV from infecting the cells.

2 to 4 years to build anti-HIV immunity: a result that does not surprise them since it usually takes up to 2 years to build immunity against HIV and the animal study only lasted two months. They find it indeed “encouraging” “the ability of the candidate vaccine to produce substantial antibodies against the sugar shield in just 2 months” when previous research estimated up to 4 years, the time required to obtain similar results.

Western Blot Protocols (part 3) – Antibody Incubation & Gel Visualization

1. Blocking

Visualization of proteins in membranes (elective):

As an elective step, we are able to confirm the protein have been transferred efficiently by staining the membrane with ponceau crimson. Incubate the membrane in ponceau for five minutes and wash with water till the bands are clear. After verification, the bands can then be destained by persevering with to scrub with water or TBS-tween till the dye is totally eliminated. When utilizing a PVDF membrane, re-activate the membrane with methanol then wash once more in TBS-Tween. (Figure 1 1a, 1b, 1c)

As non-particular binding of antibodies to the membrane is detrimental to the specificity and sensitivity of the assay, it’s important to “block” areas not already occupied by proteins. Choice of blocking technique shall be guided by samples and the antibodies used. The most typical everlasting blocking brokers embody bovine serum albumin (BSA), non-fats milk, regular goat serum, casein and fish gelatin (Table 1.).

Table 1. Proteins used as blocking brokers in Western blotting

Protein RecommendedfocusBuffers Membranecompatibility
BSA0.2-5% (W/V)Tris-buffered saline (TBS)/phosphate buffered saline (PBS)Nitrocellulose Polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF)
Non-fat milk3-5% (W/V)TBS, PBSNitrocellulose
PVDF
Amersham ECL Prime Blocking Agent2-5% (W/V)TBS, PBSNitrocellulose
PVDF
Casein1% (W/V)TBSNitrocellulose
PVDF
Fish gelatin2-10% (W/V)TBS, PBSNitrocellulose
PVDF
Serum1-5% (V/V)TBS, PBSNitrocellulose
PVDF

As every antibody-antigen pair has distinctive traits, no single blocking agent is right for each Western blotting course of. Determining the very best blocking agent and optimum focus are key steps for the success of immune detection. PBS or TBS are generally used as buffers for blocking brokers. Common blocking buffers together with 5% non-fats dry milk or BSA in a TBS-tween resolution. However, don’t use dry milk resolution when probing with phosphor-particular antibodies, as it might probably trigger excessive background from its endogenous phosphoprotein, casein. It is necessary to soak the blotted membrane in freshly ready blocking agent for 30 min to 2 h at room temperature with fixed agitation. Alternatively, soaking the membrane for 1 h a 37°C or in a single day at 4°C can assist resolve some persistent background points. Decant the block resolution and wash with TBS-tween for five minutes.

2. Primary antibody incubation

Following the blocking step, the protein of curiosity will be detected utilizing antibodies. This following course of are similar to ELISA. Many ideas and cautions in ELISA are equally utilized in western blot. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can be utilized for Western blotting evaluation (Table 2). The most two necessary normal whereas selecting an antibody are: 1) climate it might probably acknowledge the denatured proteins; and a couple of) climate it might probably trigger cross response. Polyclonal antibodies are typically extra delicate, however are much less particular than monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies, then again, are typically extra particular however much less delicate. Polyclonal antibodies are normally chosen for his or her comparatively cheaper price and fewer time consuming to provide.

• Primary antibodies must be raised in species as distinct as doable from the pattern species: it’s higher to lift a main antibody in opposition to a mouse protein in a rabbit, for instance, relatively than a rat.

Table 2. Difference between poly and mono clonal antibodies.

 SignalspecificityAdvantagesDisadvantages
polyclonal antibodygoodgood, however have some backgroundMost can acknowledge denatured proteinNot simple to repeat, someday with excessive background
monoclonal antibodyrange between antibodiesBest, however might have crossreactionFine specificity, not restrict by useful resourceMost can’t acknowledge denatured protein
combined monoclonal antibodyBestBestStrong sign, high-quality specificity, not restrict by resouceEasy to acquire

Dilute the first antibody in a blocking buffer on the focus advisable to the datasheet. Incubate in a single day at Four levels Celsius with mild shaking. A advisable possibility step is to additionally use a optimistic loading management antibody which permits the consumer to confirm equal quantities of complete protein have been loaded into every effectively and aides in troubleshooting by eradicating any uncertainties with the western blot process. The subsequent day, decant off the first antibody resolution and wash the membrane with giant volumes of TBS-tween and vigorous agitation 5 occasions for five minutes every. These stringent washes are extraordinarily necessary for eradicating non-particular background alerts.
See Our Primary Antibody Products

3. Secondary antibody incubation

All kinds of secondary antibodies are commercially out there. The selection of secondary antibodies rely firstly on the species by which the first antibody was produced. For instance, the first antibody was of the IgG isotype and produced in goat, the secondary antibody have to be an anti-goat IgG antibody produced in one other species as it can bind to the Fc area of the first antibody. Although there isn’t any strict rule, secondary antibodies raised in sure host species might result in excessive background ranges.

The procedures for incubation of the secondary antibody resolution and the membrane are primarily much like these described for the first antibody. Dilute the secondary antibody in blocking buffer and incubate the membrane for 1h in room temperature on the focus advisable on the info sheet. Decant secondary antibody and wash the membrane with giant quantity of TBS-Tween and vigorous agitation 5 occasions for five minutes every, and able to the subsequent detection section.
See Our Secondary Antibody Products

4. Coloration/Visualization

A wide range of detection techniques, primarily based on chemiluminescence, chemifluorescence, fluorescence, chromogenic or radioisotopic detection can be found. The coloration/visualization system are additionally very comparable with ELISA. See Immunoassay and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Guide for additional perceive the detection system.

The most typical, most delicate and most cheap detection methodology is the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system. This methodology make the most of the HRP enzyme, which was conjugated to the secondary antibody to catalyze the ECL response and produce gentle. The gentle is then gathered by detection machine and print onto x-ray movie and developed or digitized with assistance from specialised CCD digital camera delicate sufficient for detection. There are two sorts of ECL reagents: reagent A and reagent B, we combined these two ECL reagents in 1:1 ratio, and incubate the membrane into the reagent for 3-5 minutes with out agitation. After incubation, decant the ECL combination and use a wipe to wipe off extra resolution from the nook of the membrane. Place the membrane in a transparent plastic wrap akin to a sheet protector to forestall drying. Both movie and digital camera system enable to manually alter the publicity time in an effort to guarantee an image good western blot. Relative band density will be quantified with commercially out there software program. Proper molecular weight will also be verified by evaluating band dimension to the molecular weight ladder.

Appendix:

Table 3. Commonly used Western Blot Reagents Recipe


30% Polyacrylamide
Acrylamide monomer: 29g;
Methylene Diacrylamide: 1g;
Dilute with ddH2O to 100ml quantity at 37°C
1.5M Tris-HCl (PH8.8)Tris: 90.85g
Dissolve in 400 ml ddH2 and add to ultimate quantity of 500ml.
Use concentrated HCl to regulate pH to eight.8
1.0M Tris-HCl (PH6.8)Tris: 60.5g
Dissolve in 400 ml ddH2 and add to ultimate quantity of 500ml.
Use concentrated HCl to regulate pH to six.8
0.5M Tris-HCl (PH6.8)Tris: 30g
Dissolve in 400 ml ddH2 and add to ultimate quantity of 500ml.
Use concentrated HCl to regulate pH to six.8
10% SDS (PH7.2)SDS: 10.Zero g, dissolve in 80ml ddH2O, and add to ultimate quantity of 100ml. maintain 68°C to assist dissolve.
Use concentrated HCl to regulate pH to 7.2
10% APS
(ammonium persulfate)
AP: 1.0g, dissolve in ddH2O and add to quantity of 10ml.
Attention: AP can simply maintain in 2 weeks at 4°C, higher use 0.2ml aliquots at -20°C for storage.
10×Electrophoresis BufferTris: 30.Three g;
Glycine: 144 g;
SDS: 10 g;
Dissolve in 800ml ddH2O and add to quantity of 1L.
10×Transfer buffer
(with out methanol)
Tris: 30.Three g;
Glycine: 144.1 g;
Dissolve in 900ml ddH2O and add to quantity of 1000ml.
(Add lower than 0.5% SDS for big protein)
1×Transfer buffer1L (1×Transfer buffer)=100ml (10×Transfer buffer) + 700ml (ddH2O) + 200ml Methanol (Add earlier than use)
10×TBSTris: 24.23 g;
NaCl: 80.06 g;
Dissolve in 800ml ddH2O and add to quantity of 1L.
Use concentrated HCl to regulate pH to 7.6
1×TBS-Tween100ml 10×TBS, add 5ml 20% Tween 20 or 1ml Tween 20,
Add ddH2O to quantity of 1L
(Attention: Add Tween 20 slowly alongside the beaker wall, or it can convey out bubbles.)
5% Blocking buffer
(non-fats milk)
Non-fat milk: 5g
Dissolve in 100ml TBST and effectively combined.
Coomassie Brillant Blue resolution (1L)Coomassie R-250: 1.0g
Methanol: 500ml
Glacial acetic acid: 100ml
ddH2O: 400ml
Could be retailer for six months at room temperature. Use filter paper to make filtration if precipitation.
10× Ponceau RedPonceau crimson: 2g
Trichloroacetic acid: 30g
Sulfosalicylic acid: 30g
Dissolve in 100ml ddH2O
Destaining resolutionMethanol: 50ml
Glacial acetic acid: 70ml
Dissolve in 880ml dd H2O. retailer for 1 month at room temperature
2×SDS loading buffer
 (10mL)
0.5M Tris-HCl: 2mL;
10% SDS: 4mL;
Glycerin: 2mL;
β-Mercaptoethanol: 140μl;
Bromophenol blue: 0.1mg
20% Tween 20
Stock resolution
Add 20mL Tween 20 into 100mL 1×TBS

• Western Blot Trouble Shooting

For the difficulty capturing of frequent causes of bizarre or surprising bands, no bands, faint bands or weak sign, excessive background on the blot and extra, please learn our WB TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS.

Western Blotting Assays

Western Blot (WB)—or immunoblot—is a workhorse immunoassay for many labs used to show antibody specificity, affirm gene expression, detect post-translational modifications (PTMs), diagnose ailments, and extra. Specific detection of bands akin to the protein of curiosity consequence from successively probing your blot with major and conjugated secondary antibodies. It is a extensively used methodology for detection of a selected protein in a posh matrix, comparable to cell or tissue lysate (i.e. protein extracts).

The Western blot assay makes use of gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE or native PAGE) to separate proteins in accordance with molecular weight. The proteins are then transferred from the gel onto a membrane (sometimes nitrocellulose or PVDF), which is then blocked with a protein blocking buffer to forestall non-specific binding and probed utilizing a major antibody to detect the protein of curiosity. This is adopted by an incubation with a secondary antibody conjugated to a reporter molecule, permitting the visualization of the goal protein; nonetheless, major antibodies conjugated to a reporter don’t require secondary antibody utilization. Wash steps utilizing a gentle detergent that accommodates buffer are additionally sometimes carried out after antibody incubations to take away any non-specific binding. 

Western blot experiments will be carried out in a number of codecs, most of which require a conjugated secondary antibody to behave because the reporter molecule. Reporter molecules embrace horseradish peroxidase alkaline phosphatase enzymes, and fluorophores. When reporter enzymes are used, chromogenic, or luminescent substrates will be utilized for detection.

Fluorophore reporter molecules don’t require substrate however they do require specialised tools for knowledge assortment. Fluorescent detection is appropriate for multiplex WB experiments the place a number of targets will be detected in the identical assay utilizing fluorophore conjugates with non-overlapping emission spectra. Fluorescent WB can also be excellent for quantitative evaluation since detection permits for large dynamic ranges and sign normalization.

The selection of WB membrane will depend on the kind of experiment to be carried out. Most widespread membranes used are nitrocellulose or polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF). Nitrocellulose is straightforward to make use of and supplies appropriate knowledge for most typical enzymatic reporter experiments. Low fluorescent PVDF membranes are really helpful for fluorescent Western blot functions.

Multi-lysate WB

As application-specific tips and requirements for validating analysis antibodies more and more turns into a topic of scrutiny by the scientific neighborhood, a number of approaches can—and will—be carried out to show the specificity of a major antibody with enough robustness. One such method is the affirmation of target-specific antibody properties by the inclusion of multi-lysate panels from cells recognized to specific or not the goal of curiosity based mostly on genomic and proteomic research. The acceptable destructive controls for cells naturally producing the goal are the identical cells wherein the abundance of the goal is selectively altered by chemically stimulation or genetic approaches. 


Rockland routinely scrutinize the specificity or its major antibodies by assessing their efficiency in multi-lysate Western blots. Quite a lot of situations are evaluated for every goal in order that specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility will be decided. This ensures dependable efficiency and make sure lot-to-lot consistency. 

Immunoprecipitation-WB

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is likely one of the most generally used approaches for antigen purification and detection. The method makes use of antigen-specific antibodies to isolate an antigen of curiosity from a posh protein combination that’s subsequently analyzed by Western blotting in an effort to assess the relative quantity and measurement of the goal antigen itself and/or target-associated proteins.

Analysis of immunoprecipitated proteins by immunoblotting will be difficult as a result of the reagent used to detect the WB staining antibody will usually bind to the heavy and light-weight chains of the precipitating antibodies. As described beneath, this downside will be simply corrected through the use of our TrueBlot® merchandise that selectively bind staining antibodies solely by elevated sensitivity, much less background noise, and enhanced accuracy.

IP Western blots present extremely particular outcomes, but usually endure from heavy/mild chain blotting, contamination, and ongoing interference. TrueBlot® merchandise clear up almost all of those issues by elevated sensitivity, much less background noise, and enhanced accuracy. TrueBlot® reagents allow you to generate clear, best-quality knowledge in your Immunoprecipitation and Western blot protocols. Available in a number of choices, from IP Beads alone, to full IP/Western blot kits from goat, mouse, rabbit, or sheep.

In-Cell Western

In-cell western (ICW) assays—or cell based mostly assays, cell-based ELISA, In-Cell ELISA (ICE), or Fast Activated Cell-based (FACE) ELISA—permit researchers a easy and fast assay methodology for the quantification biomarkers and signaling proteins in complete cells utilizing antibodies. The Odyssey® infrared imaging system by LICOR® is nicely fitted to ICW; nonetheless, different imaging methods may additionally be used. The methodology combines the specificity of a WB with the quantification of an ELISA. ICW assays can be utilized for detection of proteins in fastened cells or proteins with physiological- or biologically-relevant mobile context and in multiplex quantification of two targets utilizing 700 nm and 800 nm channels with acceptable dye-conjugated antibodies.

Many of Rockland’s antibodies have been validated to be used in ICW and since ICW assays are associated to immunofluorescence (IF), most antibodies which have been validated and accepted for IF will be equally used with ICW assays as nicely.

Secondary Antibodies for WB

Secondary antibody conjugates are perfect for Western blotting. When selecting a secondary antibody conjugate for an antibody assay consideration should be given to focus on species, conjugate (i.e. peroxidase, FITC, Biotin) and host species. In addition to plain secondary antibodies, Rockland gives pre-adsorbed secondary antibodies that are appropriate for detection strategies the place cross-reactivity could also be a difficulty.

Reporter enzymes are used extensively in molecular biology as a result of they permit visualization or detection of immune complexes. Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is a extensively used reporter enzyme, and relying on the substrate it will possibly yield a chromogenic, or luminescent product (chemiluminescence). Alkaline phosphatase can also be used, most sometimes because the reporter in chromogenic Western blot assay format.

Antibodies Conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase (AP or Alk Phos) are used within the detection of proteins in Western blotting and ELISA immunoassay procedures. The alkaline phosphatase (AP) catalyzes colorimetric reactions utilizing BCIP/NBT Substrates or FemtoMax chemiluminescent substrate. Secondary Antibody conjugates are conjugated to the best grade of alkaline phosphatase utilizing Rockland’s proprietary know-how.

Rockland conjugates a broad group of secondary antibodies to lots of the basic and subsequent technology of fluorescent markers together with fluorescein, Texas Red, Phycoerythrin. Rockland additionally produces many subsequent technology flurochrome dyes. These are designed for detection of major antibodies in multiplex, multi-color evaluation. Next technology fluorochrome conjugates (Atto-tec dyes, DyLight™ dyes) provide superior absorption (excessive extinction coefficient), excessive fluorescence quantum yield and superior excessive photostability. All of the conjugates are perfect for varied immunofluorescence based mostly assays together with fluorescent Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, FLISA, and extra.

Substrates for WB

Chromogenic Substrates 

Chromogenic substratesare utilized in colorimetric assays since they lead to a measurable shade change within the presence of an enzyme-antibody complicated certain to particular analytes. For WB utilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in colorimetric detection TMB and DAB substrates are generally used. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) chromogenic substrates embrace BCIP/NBT, which often exhibit the best sensitivity and dependable detection of AP exercise.Chromogenic blotting substrates can be found from Rockland in a wide range of specs and codecs. The acceptable substrate selection will depend on the enzyme label, desired sensitivity and type of sign or methodology of detection wanted.

The peroxidase response with our TMBM substrate produces a water-soluble blue product that may be precipitated onto a membrane. The precipitating product produces blue to darkish blue bands within the enzyme location. TMBM is nicely suited to functions that require excessive signal-to-noise. DAB is one other peroxidase substrate and yields a brown precipitate within the presence of HRP and peroxide.

The NBT/BCIP reagent can also be generally utilized in chromogenic Western blot immunoassays.  NBT serves as an oxidant and BCIP because the alkaline phosphatase substrate. Together NBT and BCIP type reactants within the presence of alkaline phosphatase which yields a darkish purple to black, water-insoluble, precipitant product offering robust sensitivity.

Chemiluminescent Substrates

Rockland produces a number of luminol based mostly substrates with chemiluminescence for the detection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP).  PicoMax™ and FemtoMax™ are designed for top efficiency in Western blotting and are practical on each nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes. FemtoMax™ produces chemiluminescence and permits for the detection of all the way down to femtogram (10-15) quantities of antigen. Detection strategies might embrace photographic movie or different imaging strategies, together with extremely delicate CCD digicam based mostly methods.

within the different hand provide a number of benefits over the chromogenic substrates. Mainly, these methods are considerably extra delicate for detection of enzymatic exercise with out using radioactive isotopes, luminescent detection sometimes occurs inside couple of minutes and the sign is extra amenable to quantification as a result of it requires using digital charge-coupled gadgets (CCD) for detection that permit for a large dynamic vary utilizing extended publicity.  

Blocking Buffers for WB

When performing a Western blot, the blocking buffer shouldn’t be ignored. The blocking buffer fills within the places on the membrane that may bind protein and trigger background if not handled. The important reagent in a blocking buffer is protein, the place the protein is non-antibody reactive. Popular blocking proteins embrace non-fat dried milk (NFDM), BSA, casein, and mixtures thereof. Of observe, a single blocking agent will not be enough for all Western functions. Some blocking brokers can intervene with major antibody exercise, could also be incompatible with the reporter system in use, or produce undesired auto-fluorescence. We develop a number of blocking buffer reagents appropriate for all Western blot functions, together with BLOTTO-NFDM and BSA for traditional functions, and a specifically formulated blocking buffer for fluorescent Western blotting. 

Fluorescent blocking buffers are specifically formulated to protect the fluorescence from fluorochrome-dye conjugated secondary antibodies and likewise present an ultra-low background in comparison with different blocking buffers. Our buffers work with many fluorescent secondary antibody conjugates together with, FITC, IRDye®, Atto dye, and DyLight dye. Our Blocking Buffer for Fluorescent Western Blotting is exceptionally good in commonplace chemiluminescent blotting functions and is demonstrated to be superior for 2D WB experiments in head-to-head comparisons with different blocking reagents. 

Kits for WB

Western blot kits could also be obtainable in your assay, simplifying your reagent wants. We provide kits for chemiluminescence, fluorescent, and chromogenic immunoassay codecs. Our kits are configured with easy and easy-to-use protocols for each newbie and knowledgeable customers alike. Kits are species-specific for detection of mouse or rabbit major antibodies and are available prepared as a format-specific bundle, together with a membrane blocking reagent, washing buffers, secondary antibodies, and substrate (if required). Some of our extra widespread kits embrace FentoMax kits for chemiluminescent functions, infrared (IR) and Dylight™ kits for detection on fluorescent Western blot protocol imaging methods.

INTERPHEX Week Osaka, Japan’s

Medrecord labs will be at INTERPHEX Week Osaka, Japan’s leading pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing technology show.

The show 2020 is held in 26-28th February, 2020 at INTEX OSAKA) and we are pleased to welcome record number of 350* exhibitors and 21,000* visitors at the show 2020.

Today, we would like invite you at INTERPHEX Week Osaka 2021.

=============================

INTERPHEX Week Osaka 2021

-7th Int’l Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics R&D and Manufacturing Expo OSAKA-

Dates: February 24 (Wed) – 26 (Fri), 2021

Venue: INTEX OSAKA, Japan

Concurrent show: Regenerative Medicine Expo[OSAKA] 2021

Osaka is very well known as the Japanese pharmaceutical cluster that INTERPHEX Week Osaka will be your gateway to enter Japanese biofarmaceutica research market.

If you have a plan to visit upcoming show in next week, we would be happy to have a face-to-face meeting at the show.

To arrange a meeting and discuss more details about the show such as available booth locations and the Japanese market information, please simply reply to this email.

NHS demo application

National Health Services


For the NHS we made a small application demonstrating how research MEDrecord can be used to store information using OpenEHR. The main purpose of this demo is to show how easy it is to use the Lab API.

MEDrecord demo API – Chromium_066


Demo application showing a hGraph.
Instead of exposing all the OpenEHR complexities and large complex path/value JSON documents to the user interface, this application uses a much friendlier API which is currently under development.

Using this API, applications needing to store information in MEDrecord can use small, readable JSON documents containing the information.

The structure of these JSON documents is automatically generated using OpenEHR archetypes.

Besides the JSON documents a JSON schema is available describing all data inside the JSON document. This JSON schema contains localized texts which can be used to show to users though an user interface.

The API uses standard HTTP REST functionality and supports all standard HTTP headers for requesting resource variants (like language and content-type), cache control and others.

(the JSON schema and extended HTTP functionality are not yet used by the demo)

An example document for storing pulse measurements looks like the following JSON document:

JavaScript

 {
     "data": [
         {
             "rate": "75",
             "rateType": "HEART_RATE",
             "time": "2013-12-11T12:45:11Z"
         }
     ],
     "protocol": {
         "method": "DEVICE"
     }
 }

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 {
     "data": [
         {
             "rate": "75",
             "rateType": "HEART_RATE",
             "time": "2013-12-11T12:45:11Z"
         }
     ],
     "protocol": {
         "method": "DEVICE"
     }
 }

This API is automatically generated using the OpenEHR archetype for measuring pulse as a guide. Please note the API currently only includes the fields required for the demo. In a real application the API will contain much more fields to accurately describe the conditions under which the measurement was taken. However, the API will contain only those fields specified by the OpenEHR archetype which are actually used.

For this demo a special service called archetyped Lab MEDrecord is used which translates all friendly JSON documents into OpenEHR path/value documents which MEDrecord can understand.

Archetyped MEDrecord. – Chromium_074
API documentation/testing


To see this process in action, a new measurement can be created using the archetyped MEDrecord API. For storing a pulse measurement the POST /ehr/{ehrId}/pulse operation of the archetyped MEDrecord API can be used. When a measurement is stored an ID is returned. This is the ID of a locatable in MEDrecord which can be retrieved using the GET /locatable/{id} operation. Before testing this manually make sure an EHR is created first using the POST /ehr operation.

Please note two difference services are used here. There is the Lab MEDrecord service which stores all information. The second service is the archetyped MEDrecord service which translates the friendly JSON documents into the path/value documents required by Lab MEDrecord.

The frontend is a simple Javascript application using bootstrap and hGraph.

Also note this demo lacks any security, authentication or performance which will be available to actual applications.